Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a serious health condition that affects millions of people worldwide.

What is Stomach Cancer?

Stomach cancer occurs when malignant cells form in the lining of the stomach. It is a complex disease with various subtypes, but the most common type is adenocarcinoma.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing stomach cancer. These include:

• Helicobacter pylori infection: This bacterium is a major cause of chronic gastritis and is strongly associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer.

• Diet: Consuming a diet high in salted, smoked, and pickled foods, as well as a lack of fruits and vegetables, can elevate the risk.

• Tobacco and alcohol use: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption have been linked to a higher incidence of stomach cancer.

• Family history: Individuals with close relatives who have had stomach cancer are at a higher risk.

Global Epidemiological Trends

Stomach cancer has shown significant variations in its global prevalence. While the incidence of stomach cancer has decreased in many parts of the world, it remains a major health concern, particularly in Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, and parts of South America. This geographical discrepancy may be attributed to differences in dietary habits, prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, and genetic factors.

Prevention and Early Detection

Preventing stomach cancer involves adopting a healthy lifestyle and minimizing exposure to risk factors. Here are some key preventive measures:

• Maintain a balanced diet: Incorporate fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while reducing the consumption of processed and salty foods.

• Quit smoking and limit alcohol intake: These lifestyle choices can significantly reduce the risk of stomach cancer.

• Treat Helicobacter pylori infection: If diagnosed with this infection, timely treatment can help lower the chances of developing stomach cancer.

• Regular screening: Individuals with a family history of stomach cancer or other risk factors should consider regular screenings to detect any abnormalities at an early stage.

Stomach cancer remains a global health challenge, but with awareness, prevention, and early detection, its impact can be mitigated.