Human allergy to cats is primarily an immunological reaction to specific proteins produced by cats, rather than to their fur itself. The dominant and most clinically significant allergen is Fel d 1 (Felis domesticus allergen 1), which accounts for the majority of sensitizations, while Feld 2 (Felis domesticus allergen 2) is a minor allergen. This allergen is secreted by sebaceous glands in the skin, salivary glands, and anal glands. Through grooming, cats deposit saliva containing Fel d 1 onto their fur and skin, from where it adheres to desquamated skin particles (dander). Fel d 1 is easily airborne and remains in the indoor environment, persists in the environment for long periods, and adheres to surfaces and clothing, facilitating widespread exposure. Sensitization to Fel d 1 triggers an lgE-mediated response, leading to symptoms such as rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and dermatitis upon exposure.

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